Teachings of the Buddha

Buddhism is has consistently been viewed as a religion and a way of thinking by its supporters and adherents. Its starting point and far reaching practice in Asia in any case, Buddhism has been very versatile to numerous societies that it has experienced. For a considerable length of time Buddhism rehearses had just been confined to the Asian nations and in spite of the fact that it display varieties in different Asian nations, there are still some basic highlights saw over these societies. Going toward the west, Buddhism and its adherents have confronted numerous difficulties to fuse their practices into the social standards of the west.However, regardless of whether Buddhism can adjust to the mentalities and estimations of the western nations and still keep up its extraordinary way of thinking is the progressing question among strict researchers. This paper will look at the foundation of Buddhism and its significance to the current followers in the United States where there are num erous various societies. I got an opportunity to go to a Buddhist pre-wedding function †well, it appeared as though one. I am informed Buddhism is all concerning straightforwardness and every one of its practices and customs mirror the equivalent. In contrast to different strict wedding functions, the Buddhist wedding is only straightforward and has no grandeur and color.It contains basically no ceremonies as we would expect of a wedding service. Their relationships are centered more around the confidence and conviction between consenting people than some other thing. Buddhists are increasingly disposed on guaranteeing an enduring and agreeable relationship is made between couples looking for each in marriage. I was additionally informed that Buddhists don't propel their supporters to experience some obligatory ceremonies before marriage and that the choice concerning whether to go the courts for marriage or to the couple of enrolled sanctuaries exclusively lies with the couple .Nevertheless, a Buddhist wedding would include two sections; the first part includes taking part in quite a while joined by offering blessings to the priests and the god-like. Furthermore, it is during this procedure that couples are required to make promises of comprehension and reliability. The second part which is viewed as a non-Buddhist segment comprises of every single conventional practice which are trailed by the particular groups of the couple and may include going to the soul house for petitions, a blowout or blessing trade. Back to the pre-wedding I attended.The function as you make call it, occurred at the groom’s family home. I was stunned that the wedding service was extremely basic not at all like some other wedding function I had gone to previously. There are no exacting strict principles or guidelines and not at all like different religions where such functions are viewed as strict undertakings, Buddhists’ service is simply a get-together. There was a little banquet composed by the groom’s families over which blessings were traded and individuals visited unreservedly and with no proper systems in the whole term of the ceremony.After the pre-wedding function the couple was announced spouse and husband by a companion of the groom’s family and the assembly scattered from that point. The couple was advised to conclude whether to visit a sanctuary or go to court the next day to make sure about a marriage testament. At the point when the service was practically finished, I secure a second a companion of the man of the hour and asked him a couple of inquiries in regards to Buddhism and here is the selection of our discussion. 1. Is your religion a genuine lifestyle for you? How fundamental is it to your every day life? Shimano Roshi: Very imperative to me.One of the satisfying parts of my religion is that it causes me to comprehend the genuine idea of life and the universe. Once more, it doesn't just instruct me to regard others yet additionally to be open minded of different people’s lifestyle. 2. What are a portion of the primary practices, or every day segments of your religion? Shimano Roshi: Normally Buddhist supplications in the sanctuaries would include priests recounting the suttas and lecture also. Notwithstanding, there are varieties across Buddhists customs. By and by, I do give proper respect to our otherworldly pioneer the Buddha and serenade (discuss the suttas) each morning and before going to bed.3. What are a few limitations in your religion, assuming any, for example, dietary, clothing standard, and so forth? Shimano Roshi: I don’t think about other religion yet I realize that Buddhism is one of the most pleasing religions on the planet. Buddhism lays accentuation on harmony and being innocuous. While a dietician may mention to you what to eat and a Muslim how to spruce up, a Buddhist will reveal to you that you are what you think. we are characterize by our inward co ntemplations and not what we wear or eat. 4. What is the most loved part of your religion? Why?Shimano Roshi: To me there is no single perspective I may consider as my most loved in light of the fact that my religion is basically widely inclusive. 5. Do you feel that you are upheld in your town, or in this nation, rehearsing your religion, or do you feel any separation? Shimano Roshi: American had issues before tolerating us and our lifestyle however things have changed nowadays. It is very basic to see a dark Buddhist in the sanctuary, and individuals of various races are changing over consistently. I feel Buddhism has been grasped well by the Americans. 6. What is the most misconstrued component of your religion?Shimano Roshi: I don’t know, however on the off chance that there is any, at that point I imagine that is there own concern. What I accept is very critical to me to consider how others think about me. 7. Is it imperative to you that your family/kids proceed with you r strict practices/custom? Shimano Roshi: Absolutely! Buddhism offers a decent and more grounded establishment for a solid living both profoundly and truly with others and I couldn't want anything more than to bestow such lessons on my youngsters. 8. Do you have any heavenly places or nations that are essential to your religion and that you have been to?Why would they say they are viewed as blessed? Shimano Roshi: I have been to the Gangetic fields in northern India and a zone in southern Nepal. Buddhist visit this spot since Gautama Buddha, our profound pioneer lived and educated there and along these lines we accept the spot is greatly associated with his life. 9. What do you believe is generally novel about your religion corresponding to different strict conventions? Or on the other hand do you feel there are more likenesses? Shimano Roshi: Just like Christian religion, Buddhism has got organizations, customs, genealogies, schools and numerous other littler groups.It has advanced throughout the hundreds of years and some considerably more changed than others. Notwithstanding, one interesting thing in Buddhism is the Enlightenment procedure. 10. On the off chance that there were just a single thing about your religion that you could impart to the world, what might it be? Shimano Roshi: Simplicity! We relate with each other and approach the day by day living with most extreme effortlessness while we are as yet dedicated to our god-like Overview Buddhism its extraordinary blend of strict and philosophical lessons envelops various convictions, conventions and practices got from the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama or Buddha ‘the stirred one†.According Buddhist, Buddha lived in northeastern piece of India somewhere in the range of sixth and fourth hundreds of years BCE. His supporters remembered him as a stirred one who utilized his insight to help the conscious creatures abstain from anguish (dukkha), achieve nirvana lastly get away from the pattern of affliction and resurrection (Robinson and Willard, 1970). The religion has two primary braches to be specific; the Theravada †the school of the older folks and the Mahayana †the incomparable vehicle.Theravada is viewed as the most seasoned enduring branch and appreciates a wide following in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. The Mahayana then again has an overwhelming nearness in East piece of Asia and includes the conventions of Zen, Tibetan Buddhism, Pure Land, Shigon, Nichiren Buddhism, Tendai and Shinnyo-en (Fisher, 1997). Vajrayana which is a part of Mahayana is here and there arranged as the third part of Buddhism. While it has consistently been viewed as a religion of the Asian nations, Buddhism is today found in all aspects of the world.According to the ongoing evaluations, the Buddhists on the planet are numbering around 230 million to 500 million which the religion the fourth biggest on the planet. Various schools of Buddhists have diverse translation of the way to o pportunity, the significance and comprehension of the sacred texts and lessons, just as various practices. Be that as it may, the establishment of Buddhist practices and customs are essentially founded on the Three Jewels; the Buddha, the Dharma (otherwise called the lessons), and the Sangha (otherwise called the network) (Fisher, 1997).Adhering to the three gems is viewed as an assertion just as promise to the methods of the Buddha and for the most part recognizes a supporter from a non-Buddhist. Different customs would rely upon a specific part of Buddhism and incorporate practices like moral statutes, contemplation, ascetic mutual help, renunciation of customary living and turning into a devout, development of otherworldly knowledge and wisdom, reverential works on, concentrating of sacred writings and conjuring of Buddha and bodhisattvas basic among the Mahayana supporters (Keown and Prebish, 2004).Conclusion Buddhism will proceed infiltrate different societies in view of philos ophical and strict nature. The three Jewels of Buddhism are widely inclusive and answers the greater part of our issues. The Buddha gives us the otherworldly sustenance; the dharma gives thoughts to our most disputable issues like premature birth and bioethics while sangha gives comprehension of our public activity and world.Buddhism isn't just the lifestyle a couple of Asian populace yet would keep on spreading because of its all the more grasping and oversimplified nature. References Fisher, M. P. (1997). Living Religions: An Encyclopedia of the World's Faiths. I. B. Tauris: New York. Keown, D. and Prebish, C. S. (eds. ) (2004). Reference book of Buddhism, Routledge: London Robinson, R. H. and Willard L. J. (1970; third ed. , 1982). The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction Wadsworth Publishing: Belmont, CA (Shimano Roshi,

The African Slave Trade free essay sample

African Slave Trade and Slavery until the End The African populace from the 1500’s to the 1800’s was dealt with cruelly, oppressed and set to take a shot at estates, compelled to develop numerous merchandise for exchange. The Europeans picked the African individuals for a couple of reasons: There culture, construct and being utilized to hard work. The African Slave Trade was the biggest movement of individuals on the planet. Twelve million moved however just Ten million made it alive. There was a section that the Europeans utilized during the African Slave Trade called the Middle Passage for more straightforward transport.On this center entry, the treatment of the slaves was horrendous and many didn't endure the excursion. Once in the New World, treatment of the slaves didn't beat that. The Slave proprietor/Slave relationship was bad by any stretch of the imagination. Slaves contributed to the arrangement of their own social and strict ways. We will compose a custom exposition test on The African Slave Trade or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Numerous individuals believed that subjection was an inappropriate intention for an individual and upheaval of help opened far and wide. This thought of opportunity gave the slaves the fortitude to get away and had methods of doing as such. Haiti was a significant piece of the historical backdrop of subjugation and is essential to review.Why did the Europeans take the African’s for slaves? African’s utilized subjection as a piece of their regular day to day existence. At the point when the Europeans showed up abroad in Africa they were charmed by this thought of servitude. They felt that the African individuals were utilized to the blistering climate and long and dedicated days. They thought of the blacks as substandard too. They required individuals to do their work in the New World and were sent over in the African Slave Trade (Corretti). Subjection had an alternate significance in the New World than it did in Europe. Individuals were viewed as asset in the New World.This implies that one human was the property of another human. The Europeans expected to discover individuals to stay aware of the work on the manors in the new world (Corretti). There was a course that was taken from Africa to the new world during the Slave exchange. This course was named The Middle Passage. The Middle Passage had a triangular shape and now and then was known as the Triangular Trade. The section began in Africa and afterward could go either to Europe to drop off materials from Africa and to refuel then go to the New World to exchange out the slaves or the other way around (Corretti). The excursion was a horrendous time for the laves. John Barbot, an operator for the French Royal Company said â€Å"Many of those slaves we transport from Guinea to America are predisposed with the assessment, that they are conveyed like sheep to the butcher, and that the Europeans are partial to their tissue; which idea so far wins with a few, as to make them fall into a profound despairing and sadness (Barbot). † The slaves were stuffed intently without a great deal of air, food and no bathrooms. They were dealt with severely and some so terrible that they ended it all. Out of twelve million slaves moved, just ten million made it to the new world alive. They were totally marked, similar to sheep, with the proprietors marks† (Maryland State Archives). When the African slaves made it to the new world their excursion was not finished. The slaves were dispatched to the bank of the New World since it was nearer to the sea and had less illnesses than domains further from the coast. They went toward the south in light of the fact that there were bigger ranches and the North was progressively industrialized. Cotton, tobacco, rice and sugar stick ranches required work the most and were situated in the south. They were exchanged off to manor proprietors to begin their new life (Corretti).The way that the Africans were treated by their proprietors was negative. â€Å"These slaves are harshly and primitively treated by their lords, who remain alive them ineffectively, and beat them cruelly, as might be seen by the scabs and wounds on the collections of a large number of them when offered to us† (Barbot). Slaves were unloaded, families were part. They had little houses to rest and eat in. Work for the slaves began at sunrise and went until nightfall. They were administered by a work hand that beat and whipped them (Corretti). The African slaves were from every single distinctive zone of the continent.When they were brought to the Americas, they had to acclimatize into the American culture. A blended language called Creole was concocted by the slaves. They took the entirety of the various lingos of Africa and some American words and states and combined them. Not exclusively was a language developed yet an entire African/American culture was birthed. â€Å"Slaves sang spirituals loaded up with verses about salvation and references to scriptural figures like Moses, who drove his kin to opportunity (Sambol-Tosco). They had their own type of moving, music, cooking and living (Corretti).The religion that the slaves followed was European Christianity. Slaves considered submersion to be Christianity as an exit plan. A great deal of ranch proprietors guaranteed opportunity with the transformation to Christianity. This went on until 1667 when Virginia passed a law expressing that the transformation of religion didn't give the slave opportunity. Numerous states followed Virginia before long. In the 1800’s a huge scope change of subjugated people started to the religion of Protestant Evangelicalism (Sambol-Tosco). The Northerners in the New World felt that servitude was against god’s will.In the 17-1800’s a development against subjugation began to spring up in the North. This was known as the Abolitionist development. The Quakers and Puritans of the North began to voice their shock against subjection. In 1787 the North West Ordinance was reviewed. This restricted servitude in Northern Middle America. Abolitionism likewise existed in England and France. In 1807 the Slave Trade Act was passed in England. This made it Illegal in the British Empire for subjugation to exist. In spite of the fact that France partook in the slave exchange for quite a while, in the 1500’s the Abolitionist development began in France too (Corretti).The slaves attempted to escape the same number of times as they could. In France in the 1700’s an upheaval of San Dome was pronounced. The battling occurred until the success of San Dome occurred and they pronounced themselves free and changed their name to Haiti. In the Americas you could flee yet there were exacting laws in the event that you were gotten. The slaves disappeared toward the North where Slavery was not permitted. Fredrick Douglass was a slave that got away and got an instruction. Douglass composed a life story and contended for the finish of servitude. John Brown drove a revolt on Harpers Ferry in 1859.The Underground Railroad was a break course that white abolitionists and free blacks made to assist slaves with getting away toward the north (Corretti). Haiti, referred to in the 1600’s as Saint-Dominque, a name given to them by the French. The fundamental yield of this nation is sugar stick crop. This harvest is extremely difficult to develop and required a great deal of work. This is the reason the Africans had oppressed themselves. In 1789, Saint-Dominque made 40 percent of all the sugar on the planet and the greater part the world’s espresso. 80-90 percent of the populace was dark and basically slaves.The staying 10 - 20 percent were white men who investigated. In 1791 the Revolt of Saint-Dominque started and began a common war with France. As a result of the quantity of slaves they were effective. Whites were furnished and prepared and 4,000 were slaughtered in fight. At last in 1794, servitude was annulled in all French claimed states (Corretti). The African Slave Trade was the biggest movement of individuals on the planet. Twelve million moved however just Ten million made it alive. The Europeans were pulled in to them in light of the fact that their way of life had just been acclimated with hard labor.There was a section that the Europeans utilized during the African Slave Trade called the Middle Passage for less complex vehicle. The treatment of the slaves during the excursion was awful and many didn't make it alive. Once in the New World, treatment of the slaves didn't beat that. The Slave proprietor/slave relationship was not positive. An upheaval of help to the abolitionist development opened in England, France and America. Haiti was a significant piece of the historical backdrop of bondage. The African populace from the 1500’s to the 1800’s was dealt with cruelly, oppressed and set to chip away at manors, compelled to develop numerous merchandise for exchange.

Is Facebook Making us Lonely Essay Sample

Is Facebook Making us Lonely Essay Sample Social networks have changed lives of the ordinary people rapidly. The young generation doesn’t imagine their life without one of the most popular networks in the world â€" Facebook. It is a place where everyone can communicate, share music, pictures, and video, and get to know information about other people and about the world. Some scholars think that a great number of young people are addicted to this social network. Every day millions of them visit Facebook and spend at least a couple of hours there. They find dozens of reasons to be there, like friends, news, hobbies, and so on. An average Facebook user has about two- three hundreds friends. Yet, the question is whether this network really helps to be closer to people or it makes us lonely. From one side Facebook and other networks connect people even if they live far away from each other. It is possible to get acquainted with a person from the other continent and even become a best friend with him or her. Sometimes, it is very difficult for people to find a person near them who can understand them and help solve their problems. It is much easier to share your problematic situation with a stranger. Apart from this, most of the people are very busy nowadays. Very often they don’t have enough time to spend it with friends every time they want this. In this case, Facebook and other networks are very helpful. It is very easy to find some information about a person from the posts and short messages. It also helps to connect people who have a lot in common. Sometimes to find a person who listens to the same music as you do, or who has the same hobby as you have is much easier through Facebook. Yet, this method works only if you don’t have borders and are ready to meet dif ferent people personally. Looking at these arguments, it is easy to state that Facebook isn’t making us lonely. Unfortunately, this is only the part of the truth. There are a few arguments that can convince you that Facebook and other social networks are making us very lonely. First of all, it is essential to understand what loneliness mean. You can be alone, but it doesn’t mean that you are lonely. However, you can be in the middle of the crowd, but you still can feel loneliness. Therefore, loneliness is a psychological problem. Facebook is really making us feel lonely because it diminishes the personal communication. It isn’t enough to look at some photos and read some posts to get to know what a person feels. As a result, people get the false sense of the friendship and close relationships. Nobody knows how you really feel and what life you really have. In other words, 300 friends on Facebook are not real friends, they are just strangers, who know next to nothing about you, and you know next to nothing about them. It is good if you have at least a couple of real friends there with whom you not only chat but also speak and meet in person. Facebook usage has its advantages and disadvantages. From one side it helps to look for people, with whom you have something in common, easier. From the other side, it diminishes personal communication. As a result, it definitely has an impact on our feeling of loneliness. Yet, the problem isn’t in this social network or any other. The problem is in every person. It is possible to use Facebook and still feel yourself very happy. It is just necessary to understand that such problem exists and do everything possible to fix it by starting communicating personally as much as possible.

Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt Essay

Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt The Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt opened up a whole new concept for our class. The new term â€Å"contact zone† appeared and Pratt defined it as social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today. The idea of the contact zone is intended in part to contrast with ideas of community that trigger much of the thinking about language, communication, and culture. According to Pratt, the two distinctive phenomenon of the contact zone are autoethnographic text and transculturation. One of†¦show more content†¦It would not be fair or effective to simply teach students from diverse backgrounds how to write in the language of power while ignoring their culture and the fact that there is a language of power. It is important for writing instructors to teach students from the dominant community why their language is considered legitimate and why the dialects or languages of other communities are not. In doing this, the instructor can break down the barrier of the imagined community. If the instructor does not address the issue of power in language, they run the risk of silencing their students who are not from the dominant culture and be responsible for the students that are from the dominant culture. First of all, the contact zone class can be applied mainly to the extent of developing one’s thoughts and ideas because of its foc us on ‘conversation’ or speech. A writing process is much more than just to put what a writer intends to say into words. In addition, Pratt pointed out the utopian quality and abstract idea of the speech community. However, it is also true that in some contexts like academic setting that kind of uniform idea of speech community has functioned well to give necessary order and stability for the development of the community. In a contact zone classroom, we are encouraged to turn ourselves to the outside world that is full ofShow MoreRelatedArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, an article written by Stanford professor Mary Louise Pratt, discusses many different ideas about culture and communication by utilizing what she calls the literate arts. Pratt explains many terms that she believes are beneficial in gaining a further understanding of a literary piece. Key terms such as, contact zone, autoethnography and transculturation are introduced in her essay. She describes contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grappleRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt1245 Words   |  5 PagesPittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During the conference Mary Louise Pratt a Stanford Professor delivered a keynote/lecture that revolutionized how people think about their social spaces. She introduced a re volutionary way to think about these social spaces, instead of calling them communities she started calling it the â€Å"contact zone†. According to Pratt a â€Å"contact zone is a place where cultures meet, clash, and grapple† (Pratt 487). While lecturing her fellow colleagues Pratt argues that our idea of community is stronglyRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt532 Words   |  3 PagesArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt In the Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt has tried to explain the concepts of the â€Å"contact zone†, which she referred to as â€Å"the space of colonial encounters†. This social space that she speaks about is a stage where â€Å"disparate cultures meet, clash, and grapple each other, often in highly asymmetrical relations of domination and subordination†. Pratt aims to highlight these relations between the colonizer and the colonized â€Å"in terms ofRead MoreMary Louise Pratt Edward Said Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pageshomeland. Great opening sentences. Mary Louise Pratt, Kenji Yoshino and Edward Said all present very good methods of maintaining ones national identity in their essays. In Mary Louise Pratts essay Arts of the Contact Zone she gives examples of people who are in a contact zone. Contact zones are where people are meeting other cultures, and they have to remember not to lose their own. (this was a run-on so I made it into two sente ces)One of the Arts of the contact zone that describes what has happenedRead MoreThe Literate Arts: What is the Purpose?1334 Words   |  6 PagesNicholas Crawford English 103 10 September 2014 The Literate Arts: What is the Purpose? As a student I have read several essays, all in different but connecting points of view that explore in depth the diverse ways of education, educating in the literate arts, learning, using the information, and applying it to life. In reading the controversial opinions expressed throughout these essays, the question, â€Å"What are the literate arts good for?† has crossed my mind more than a few times. Four authorsRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesMary Louise Pratt wrote the essay â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† with the purpose of explaining that society would benefit if people were exposed to and understood the concept of â€Å"contact zones†. She refers to contact zones as social spaces where cultures meet and clash with each other, usually with one culture being dominant over the other. A person living in a contact zone is exposed to two different cultures, two different languages, and as a result is presented with a struggle i n each culture toRead MoreCultural Concepts: Appiah’s Ideas and Mary Louise Pratts Analysis745 Words   |  3 Pagesinteractions lead to adoption of new values as well as acceptance of the significance of the beliefs of others. All I all his views are that people will always been known, treated and segregated based on their beliefs, values and norms in their culture (Pratt, 1991). The view of the culture of a particular people will always be esteemed as long it does not create conflicts or imperialism among different societal cultures. The importance of cultural identity is that it gives length to the culture enablingRead MoreContact Zone Essay1766 Words   |  8 Pages2014 The Contact Zone The Holocaust happened because two groups of people were grappling with each and one was stronger than the other. Wars typically occur because two cultures disagree and choose to settle it, and the strong culture prevails. African American and Caucasian people used to be exiled for getting married, because they were different. There are millions of different cultures in the world today and every day is an example of how they clash. An author, Mary Louise Pratt, wrote anRead MoreContact Zones Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe reader is introduced to a term coined and repeated by Pratt throughout the piece, contact zones. She uses this term to refer to social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today (Pratt 584). Contact zones were not necessarily a positive interaction because these social interac tions usually came out of ignoranceRead MoreAnalysis of States by Edward Said1162 Words   |  5 Pageswith the effects of transculturation. Transculturation, as defined by ethnographers, is â€Å"to describe processes whereby members of a subordinate or marginal groups select and invent from materials transmitted by a dominant or metropolitan culture† (Pratt 491). In other words Palestinians have absorbed parts of the different cultures they are now part of due to the nakba, or catastrophe, which marks the exile of more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs from what is known today as Israel. On November 30,

Ethnography Review A Song of Longing An Ethiopian Journey - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 659 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? In the memoir A Song of Longing: An Ethiopian Journey by Kay Kaufman Shelemay, Shelemay describes her experiences of traveling to Ethiopia. As an American graduate student in 1973, she studied ethnomusicology and became interested in the music of the Falashas, a Jewish community located in Ethiopia with Israeli culture. To truly study the music, she decided to travel to Ethiopia and learn first hand about the culture. While she was there, she learned about the relationship between the Ethiopian Christians and Jews only to realize that the two cultures have a lot of similarities. While in Ethiopia, she spent time in the highlands working on her dissertation and learned the gender roles of the society. The women were mainly in charge of staying in the kitchen and keeping up with the household chores, so from the beginning of her stay, she started interacting with the men in order to have access to most parts of the religious experiences, for if she were to socialize with the women more, they would look down on her for her interactions with the men. After some time, she went into Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, where she met with a well-known Jewish businessman, Jack Shelemay, with the intention of learning about Jewish culture in Ethiopia. They developed a romantic relationship, which put her project on hold for a little. During her stay, the Ethiopian Revolution of 1974 began, which made it unsafe for her to return to the highlands to continue her project. She reoriented her dissertation to include the Christian culture as well as the Jewish traditions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethnography Review: A Song of Longing An Ethiopian Journey" essay for you Create order When Shelemay first arrived in the highlands, she was warned that there could be trouble, which refers to local spirits that could harm someone. In order to protect the community against these spirits, the village would have zar rituals. She was told that since she wasnt from the village, and she was a woman, she could easily be a target. Although she was never invited to attend these rituals, she could always here the loud drumming that occurred (31). The highlands were mostly fields, so in order to keep the birds and the prey away from the crops, often the washint, a four-holed bamboo flute was played (30). Music was often used during religious ceremonies as well. Before the ceremony began, a priest would ring a repetitive rhythm on a flat, circular metal gong as a way to announce that the service was about to begin, and everyone should attend (39). The service continues with two-sided singing, where the second group would repeat the verse the first group sang. The instruments as sociated with this were often the drum and the gong in a steady rhythm. The society mainly uses music in rituals and religious services, while primarily using drums and gongs in these events. The author did not necessarily discuss the music of the culture most of the time, but rather she talked about her journey and reflections as she did her research and the daily life during her stay. Since she was writing her dissertation about the music of the culture at the same time, the majority of the musical aspects are possibly in her project, rather than her experience itself. Shelemay ended up marrying a successful Jewish businessman from Ethiopia, so her thoughts could have been easily swayed to show everything in a better light. As she continued to live in Ethiopia during the first part of the war, she still depicted Ethiopia in a positive manner, with only criticizing the rebel troops. I do not think I understand the society better after reading about the music in A Song of Longing: An Ethiopian Journey because I dont feel like Shelemay talked about the music enough, but rather she focused on her personal life within the village, and after she got married. I do believe I learned a lot about the culture itself and the history of the Ethiopian Jews and Christians from readying this memoir.

Ancient Egypt And Ancient Civilizations - 1302 Words

As seen throughout time, one of the chief concerns of all ancient civilizations was to maintain order and stability. Civilizations such as ancient Egypt, ancient Rome and even the ancient Babylonian societies all set forth an effort to maintain stability. Influencing forces on this stability were religious, political and even geographical. I’ve noticed that many civilizations flourish for hundreds of years only to fall or be taken over by the next generation. Some cities today are remnants of these fallen empires such as Rome in Italy or Alexandria in Egypt. Our earliest signs of human civilization date all the way back to 10,000BCE, when we see the Neolithic revolution. First signs of farming are seen in the fertile crescent, along with the domestication of animals. The spread of agriculture allows for permanent settling in a single area. The Fertile Crescent was the perfect place for first civilization because it was located in major river basins which in turn made the soil extremely fertile. The Tigres and Euphrates river that surrounded the Fertile Crescent also acted as an easy source of transportation through out the area. This encouraged trade and the development of new communities. Around 5300BCE Sumaria is often accepted as the first civilization, it was a collection of city-states who shared common values and they also had Cuneiform which was the first documented form of writing. Sumaria also held the first government bureaucracy with laws which helped them holdShow MoreRelatedAncient Egypt : An Ancient Civilization1523 Words   |  7 Pages Ancient Egypt, an ancient civilization known today as one of the world’s greatest, would last over 3000 years thanks to the many Egyptians contributing to its success. One such Egyptian was the Pharaoh, Akhenaton. 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Hospitality Management Operational Plan

Question: Discuss about theHospitality Managementfor Operational Plan. Answer: Introduction Hotel industry is one of the most service-oriented industries. The success of this industry depends on the quality of services provided by the hotels to their guests. It is utmost important for the hotels to continuously upgrade themselves by providing the customers with excellent quality of services. The main objective of this report is to analyse and evaluate the various components of ABC Hotel. After that, the managers of the organization need to develop an effective plan for the hotel to increase the profitability of the hotel. Operational Plan Operational plan is a detailed plan that provides a clear picture about how to achieve the organizational goals (Altinay, Paraskevas and Jang 2015). There are four major areas of an operational plan. The first section is to ensure the requirement of necessary resources. It has been seen that there are two types of resources that are required for the smooth running of ABC Hotel. They are equipment for video conference and service buses. It is needed to introduce new video conferencing system in order to establish effective communication among the different department of the hotel. For this purpose, it is needed to install multi channel video conferencing system. The implementation cost of the video conferencing system will be $5000 for each department. The next resource is to buy more service buses for the hotel. The buses need to be purchased in order to make delivery service more effective. There is a need for five buses and the amount will be $1250000. Key Performance indicator, commonly known as KPI, is some specific values that show the extent of progress of the key organizational goals of any organization. The KPIs are chose based on the types of the businesses (Zwetsloot 2014). In case of ABC Hotel, there are specific KPIs that will assist the managers to measure the performance of the hotel. For the purpose of ABC Hotel, KPI software will be installed for the purpose of performance measurement. This software will record all necessary data and information regarding the performance of the hotel and will present them by graphs (Parmenter 2015). The organizational managers can judge the performance of the hotel by observing those presented data and information. Business metrics will be also be implemented for the purpose of performance measurement. Every business and operational area of ABC Hotel will have Business Metrics that will help in measuring the performance of every business process of the hotel (Sharda, Delen and Turban 2013). There will be a separate monitoring process of the hotel. It is utmost important to have an effective business monitoring process in the organization. In case of ABC Hotel, there will be a separate team for monitoring process. The monitoring team will be consisted of five managers from different department of the hotel. The monitoring team will report to the retail store manager of the hotel (Stavrou et al. 2014). There are various factors in the hotel that can affect the financial health of ABC Hotel. Hence, there is a strong need for an effective contingency plan for the hotel. In case of ABC Hotel, the financial contingency plan will be consisted of four steps. In the first step, the risks in the financial process of the hotel will be analysed along with the factors that have an adverse effect on the financial position of the hotel. After that, the impact of those factors on ABC Hotel will be analysed. The next step is to develop the financial contingency plan based on the above analysis. Lastly, the alternative approaches for mitigating the financial risks will be analysed. This is the process of making the financial contingency plan (Anwar 2015). Implementation Strategies for Staff Members It is one of the objectives of ABC Hotel to maintain the full staffing capacity with the help of rapid recruitment. It has been observed that there is a need for 13 staffs in the hotel. The main strategy regarding this matter is to develop a plan to for induction and training for those 13 new joiners within a time span of two months. For this purpose, the recruitment procedure of the organization will be followed. The HR manager recruitment agency will be responsible for the total procedure (Humburg and Van der Velden 2015). The total cost of this recruitment and training process will be $26,000. As per one of the major initiatives of ABC Hotel, the hotel is going to organize an annual professional development program. For this purpose, there is a need for physical resources and services. The physical resources are venue for the training, proper equipment for the program, sitting arrangements, beverages and many others. It has been decided that that there will be colourful decals containing the logo of the hotel in the on the sides and back of the buses. For this purpose, a graphic artist will be hired to make the colourful decals. There will be name of hotel along with the tagline. In the background, the logo and picture of the hotel will be in the decals. One of the most important aspects is the use of the logo of ABC Hotel. There will be a written legal document about the use of the logo of the hotel. It will be written in the legal document that the graphic artist will not have any legal right to use the logo of ABC Hotel apart from the decal in the buses. After the successful completion of this agreement, the purchase agreement will be done with the graphic artist. The KPI Software will be used for monitoring the operational plan. The KPI software will be designed in such a way that it can record all the details of the operational plan. The KPI software will analyse the collected data and information and will present them to the monitoring team as the form of graphical representation. Based on the provided graphs and information from the KPI software, the monitoring team will be able to measure the performance of the organization. The KPI software will assist the monitoring team by providing the relevant data and information from all the different departments of ABC Hotel (Keck and Ross 2014). Effective Communication with the Stakeholders It is utmost important for any organization to communicate the necessary plans of the organization with the stakeholders of the company (Pang et al. 2016). There is not any exception of this fact in case of ABC Hotel. There are various stakeholders in ABC Hotel. They are senior management of the hotel, managers, sales staffs, online and phone sales staffs, major customers of the hotel, customers and the recruitment agency (Bakker, Maat and van Wee 2014). A meeting has been organized make the shareholders of ABC Hotel aware about the operational plan of the hotel. In this process, agenda is an important aspect for this meeting. Agenda refers to the list of topics that will be discussed in the meeting. For this meeting, the agenda of the meeting is to discuss the operational plan with the relevant stakeholder of the hotel to seek approval from them (Rochefort 2016). Three parts of the meeting need to be taken care. The first part is to identify the participants of the meeting. The major participants of the meeting are the above-mentioned stakeholders of ABC Hotel. The second part is to check the availability of the participants of the meeting. For this purpose, a formal letter along with an e-mail will be send to each relevant stakeholders of the meeting informing them about all the details of the meeting along with date and venue. The invitation of the meeting will be sent to all the participants of the meeting both online and physically. The notification will be sent to them in their phones before one two days of the meeting. The project administrator team will give a call to every participants of the meeting before the day of the meeting to confirm their availability in the meeting. It is needed to record all relevant data and information that will be provided during the meeting. The whole meeting will be documented in written form. In addition, there will be video recording system to record the whole video. Every relevant data, information and document will be presented in the meeting along with proper proof. The meeting has taken place in the proper time. The responsibility for the smooth conduct of the meeting was on the chair of the meeting. During the meeting, the operational plan was presented to the stakeholders of ABC Hotel. The meeting was focused on the core topic that is to present the operational plan to the participants. Everything was as per the time schedule. All the necessary facts were presented in a big screen with the help of effective presentation. In addition, the overall budget of the plan was also presented in a convincing way. Some of the audiences did raise some good questions about the effectiveness of the operational plan. At the end of the meeting, the result was satisfactory. After the successful and effective presentation of the operational plan, the majority of the stakeholders approved the plan for implementation. The main two features of the meeting was that it was effectively constructed and within the budget. Details of the Plan From the above analysis, it can be understood that there is a fare scope of the project. The main scope of the project is to implement the operational plan for smooth running of the business of ABC Hotel. During the implementation of the plan, the members of the project team will get fair scope to work on different aspects of the operational plan. This process will increase the knowledge base of the team members. There are various stakeholders of ABC Hotel. They are senior management team, recruitment agency, major and ordinary customers, managers, sales staffs and online sales staffs. It is the responsibility of the stakeholders of ABC Hotel to coordinate the project management team in the implementation of the operational project (Verbeke and Tung 2013). It can be observed that there is a strong relation between the project and organizational objective of ABC Hotel. The main aim of the operational plan is to bring effectiveness in the various operations of ABC Hotel. The operational plan will provide financial stability to the hotel by increasing the revenue by 15%. The successful implementation of the plan will help the hotel in delivering better quality of products and services along with the introduction of new products. More importantly, this plan will assist ABC Hotel in gaining the number one position in the hotel industry (Heagney 2016). For the success of this operational plan, it is needed to have proper resources (Chevalier 2016). First, there should be sufficient money allocated for the implementation of the plan. The next resource is labour. There should be sufficient men in the project team. As an example, to meet the objective of the plan, it is needed to by five buses for delivery and advertisement. The total budget for five buses is $1250000. The head office-marketing manager will be responsible for the purchase of these buses. Risk Analysis There are always risks involved in the implementation process of any kind of plan. There is not any exception of this fact in case of ABC Hotel. It has been observed that the project management team could not acquire the required additional vehicles. This is one of example of the project risk. In order to minimize these risks the risks need to be analysed. In order to treat that particular risk, there should be a proper risk management strategy. In case of the acquirement of the buses, there needs to be a separate team consists of three members. This team will track the process of vehicle acquirement from the order placement to the delivery of the vehicles. In this way, the risk in the acquirement process of the vehicles can be mitigated (Reason 2016). Apart from the above case, there are other areas where risks are involved. There are fare risks involved in the process of seeking approval from the stakeholders. It can be happened that they do not like the plan at all. In addition, six factors have an effect on the risk factor of ABC Hotel. They are political, legal, social, technological, economical and environmental factors. The unstable political condition of the country can affect the business of ABC Hotel. Economical condition can affect the businesses more than anything can. Now-a-days, businesses all over the world are making strategies to encounter the environmental risks. These risks can affect the businesses of ABC Hotel. All these risks can affect the process of achieving the objectives of ABC Hotel. Hence, there is a strong need for making effective strategies in order to achieve the objectives of ABC Hotel. In addition, these strategies will help the organization to encounter the business risks (Sadgrove 2016). Training and Development It is important to implement proper training and development program to make the employee more skilled. One of the important training and development programs of ABC Hotel is to train the sales staffs in order to provide effective sales support. This process will allow the employees become more skilled in the sales process. This training and development program will be done in all the departments of the hotel. The service department managers will be responsible for this training program. For the success of the operational plan, it is needed to have an effective action plan. It can be observed that the implementation of the operational plan is a tough and long process. Hence, the total plan will be divided into small plan for the purpose of easy implementation. There will be small groups that will be responsible for each part of the task. For example, one team will, be responsible for the acquirement of vehicles; another team will be responsible for the smooth conduct of the meeting and others. In addition, there will be specific time for each task. Each task needs to be completed in that specific time. As discussed earlier, there will be a separate team for monitoring and they will measure the performance of the operational plan. In case of reviews, feedbacks will be taken from all the organizational people regarding the progress of the plan. Meetings will be organized in regular basis to discuss the progress of the plan. The plan will be reviewed based on the result. The senior management will review the progress of the plan. There should be a complaint resolution process in ABC Hotel. Problem regarding customer service can be raised from different issues like poor customers service, problem in the system and many others. When these types of complaints arrive, they must be resolved in an effective manner. For this purpose, there should be a problem resolution team. The aim of the team will be to investigate into the complaints and provide quick solution. Conclusion and Recommendation From the above discussion, the successful implementation of any plan depends of some crucial factor. These factors start from seeking approval from the stakeholders and ends at the successful implementation of the plan. In this total process, it is needed to divide the whole task into various subtasks. This process diminishes the extra pressure from the project team members. References Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A. and Jang, S.S., 2015.Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Routledge. Anwar, M., 2015. Contingency Theory and Its Implications to Corporate Financial Planning and Organization Structure.Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen,13(3), pp.363-370. Bakker, S., Maat, K. and van Wee, B., 2014. Stakeholders interests, expectations, and strategies regarding the development and implementation of electric vehicles: The case of the Netherlands.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,66, pp.52-64. Chevalier, J.M., 2016. Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Heagney, J., 2016.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Humburg, M. and Van der Velden, R., 2015. Skills and the graduate recruitment process: Evidence from two discrete choice experiments.Economics of Education Review,49, pp.24-41. Keck, I.R. and Ross, R.J., 2014, February. Exploring customer specific KPI selection strategies for an adaptive time critical user interface. InProceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces(pp. 341-346). ACM. Pang, A., Shin, W., Lew, Z. and Walther, J.B., 2016. Building relationships through dialogic communication: organizations, stakeholders, and computer-mediated communication.Journal of Marketing Communications, pp.1-15. Parmenter, D., 2015.Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley Sons. Reason, J., 2016.Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Rochefort, D.A., 2016. 3. Agenda setting, problem definition, and their contributions to a political policy analysis.Handbook of Public Policy Agenda Setting, p.35. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Sharda, R., Delen, D. and Turban, E., 2013.Business Intelligence: A managerial perspective on analytics. Prentice Hall Press. Stavrou, V., Kandias, M., Karoulas, G. and Gritzalis, D., 2014, September. Business Process Modeling for Insider threat monitoring and handling. InInternational Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business(pp. 119-131). Springer International Publishing. Verbeke, A. and Tung, V., 2013. The future of stakeholder management theory: A temporal perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,112(3), pp.529-543. Zwetsloot, G.I.J.M., 2014. Key performance indicators.